Título:	Calcaneal tendon plasticity following gastrocnemius muscle injury in rat
Autor(es):	Barin, Fabrício Reichert Sousa Neto, Ivo Vieira de Ramos, Graciele Vieira Szojka, Alexander Ruivo, Amanda Lima Anflor, Carla Tatiana Mota Agualimpia, José David Hurtado Domingues, Allan Corrêa Franco, Octávio Luiz Adesida, Adetola B. Durigan, João Luiz Quagliotti Marqueti, Rita de Cássia
ORCID:	orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-3882
Assunto:	Tendões Tendão de Aquiles Músculos - doenças
Data de publicação:	Set-2019
Editora:	Frontiers
Referência:	BARIN, Fabrício Reichert et al. Calcaneal tendon plasticity following gastrocnemius muscle injury in rat. Frontires in Physiology, v. 10, art. 1098. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01098. Disponível em: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.01098/full. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2019.
Abstract:	Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and tendon is important for tissue homeostasis. Whereas the skeletal muscle response to tendon injury has been well-studied, to the best of our knowledge the tendon response to skeletal muscle injury has been neglected. Thus, we investigated calcaneal tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling after gastrocnemius muscle injury using a rat model. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C; animals that were not exposed to muscle injury) and harvested at different time points post gastrocnemius muscle injury (3, 14, and 28 days) for gene expression, morphological, and biomechanical analyses. At 3 days post injury, we observed mRNA-level dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with collagen I accompanied with disrupted biomechanical properties. At 14 days post injury, we found reduced collagen content histologically accompanied by invasion of blood vessels into the tendon proper and an abundance of peritendinous sheath cells. Finally, at 28 days post injury, there were signs of recovery at the gene expression level including upregulation of transcription factors related to ECM synthesis, remodeling, and repair. At this time point, tendons also presented with increased peritendinous sheath cells, decreased adipose cells, higher Young’s modulus, and lower strain to failure compared to the uninjured controls and all post injury time points. In summary, we demonstrate that the calcaneal tendon undergoes extensive ECM remodeling in response to gastrocnemius muscle injury leading to altered functional properties in a rat model. Tendon plasticity in response to skeletal muscle injury merits further investigation to understand its physiological relevance and potential clinical implications.
Licença:	Copyright © 2019 Barin, de Sousa Neto, Vieira Ramos, Szojka, Ruivo, Anflor, Agualimpia, Domingues, Franco, Adesida, Durigan and Marqueti. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
DOI:	10.3389/fphys.2019.01098
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