Air pollution and Covid-19 mortality in Brazil

Silva, Reizane Maria Damasceno da; Cicerelli, Rejane Ennes; Almeida, Tati de; Réquia Júnior, Weeberb João

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Campo DC	Valor	Idioma
dc.contributor.author	Silva, Reizane Maria Damasceno da	-
dc.contributor.author	Cicerelli, Rejane Ennes	-
dc.contributor.author	Almeida, Tati de	-
dc.contributor.author	Réquia Júnior, Weeberb João	-
dc.date.accessioned	2023-10-02T18:32:24Z	-
dc.date.available	2023-10-02T18:32:24Z	-
dc.date.issued	2022-12-20	-
dc.identifier.citation	SILVA, Reizane Maria Damasceno da et. al. Air pollution and Covid-19 mortality in Brazil. Atmosphere, [s. l.], v. 14, n. 5, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010005. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/1/5. Acesso em: 02 out. 2023.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.uri	http://repositorio2.unb.br/jspui/handle/10482/46592	-
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_BR
dc.publisher	MDPI	pt_BR
dc.rights	Acesso Aberto	pt_BR
dc.title	Air pollution and Covid-19 mortality in Brazil	pt_BR
dc.type	Artigo	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Ar - poluição	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Covid-19 - Brasil	pt_BR
dc.subject.keyword	Qualidade do ar	pt_BR
dc.rights.license	(CC-BY) - © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).	pt_BR
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010005	pt_BR
dc.description.abstract1	Long-term exposure to poor air quality has been associated with respiratory viral infections such as influenza and measles. Some epidemiological studies in North America, Europe, and Asia also suggest that exposure to air pollution is associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality associated with COVID-19. However, few studies have been conducted on this topic in South America. In this study, we investigate the association between ambient PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and their interaction with COVID-19-associated deaths in Brazil, the largest country in South America. We apply a negative binomial mixed model with zero inflation using municipality-level COVID-19 deaths as the endpoint and the long-term average of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 as the exposure. We added a random intercept by state to account for potential correlations between communities within the same state. After adjusting the model for several potential confounders, including meteorological variables, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic aspects, and healthcare conditions, we found a positive association between PM2.5 and COVID-19 deaths in Brazil, where a 1 µg/m3 increase in the long-term average of PM2.5 was associated with a 10.22% (95% CI: 9.35; 11.09) increase in COVID-19 deaths. In contrast, O3 and NO2 showed negative associations. As suggested by the literature in other countries, our results suggest that air pollution is an important cofactor that increases the risk of death from COVID-19 in Brazil. The effects of air pollution in Brazil are pronounced, indicating the need for improved air quality control policies.	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0387-2974	pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-3364	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	University of Brasilia, Geoscience Institute	pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliation	Fundação Getúlio Vargas, School of Public Policy and Government	pt_BR
dc.description.unidade	Instituto de Geociências (IG)	pt_BR
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