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dc.contributor.authorSilva, Higo Thaian Pereira da-
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Hugerles Sales-
dc.contributor.authorAlencar, Marcelo Sampaio de-
dc.contributor.authorQueiroz, Wamberto José Lira de-
dc.contributor.authorDias, Ugo Silva-
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-22T12:08:12Z-
dc.date.available2024-05-22T12:08:12Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.citationSILVA, Higo Thaian P. da et al. Energy and spectral efficiencies of cell-free millimeter-wave massive mimo systems under rain attenuation based on ray tracing simulations. IEEE Access, [S. l.], v. 11, p. 26979-26995, 2023, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3257847. Disponível em: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10072397/metrics#metrics. Acesso em: 22 maio 2024.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio2.unb.br/jspui/handle/10482/48112-
dc.language.isoengpt_BR
dc.publisherIEEEpt_BR
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopt_BR
dc.titleEnergy and spectral efficiencies of cell-free millimeter-wave massive mimo systems under rain attenuation based on ray tracing simulationspt_BR
dc.typeArtigopt_BR
dc.subject.keywordEficiência energéticapt_BR
dc.subject.keywordChuvaspt_BR
dc.subject.keywordComunicação de ondaspt_BR
dc.subject.keywordEficiência espectralpt_BR
dc.rights.licenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3257847pt_BR
dc.description.abstract1Future wireless communication systems depend on the network’s ultra-densification, on the application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) techniques and on the use of higher frequency bands to satisfy the ever-increasing demands for capacity. The operation of cell-free (CF) networks in the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum combines those principles, because they are composed of multiple access points (APs) distributed over a geographic region which serve a small number of users. Despite the extensive available bandwidth, the mmWave spectrum imposes high path losses and significant atmospheric molecular absorption to the links. In addition, in this frequency range, rain attenuation can notably degrade communications. Therefore, this article presents a study of the impact of rain attenuation on CF networks operating in the mmWave spectrum, this is in the 26 GHz, 38 GHz and 73 GHz frequency bands, based on site-specific ray tracing simulations. The propagation simulation is characterized under the effects of reflection, diffraction, diffuse scattering, atmospheric molecular absorption, vegetation losses and rain attenuation. The channel model is characterized using a hybrid approach, with the large-scale parameters determined by ray tracing in an environment subject to random Rician small-scale fading. The system performance is measured by the sum spectral efficiency (SSE) and energy efficiency (EE). According to the results, it was observed that AP densification protects the network against the effect of rain attenuation. Furthermore, even in sparse networks, the CF system has low sensitivity with respect to the precipitation rate, resulting in relatively small reductions in the average SSE and EE.pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-9659pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-5853pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-1644pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-2221pt_BR
dc.identifier.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-1523pt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationFederal University of Campina Grande, Department of Electrical Engineeringpt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Aveiro, institute of Telecommunications and Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informaticspt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Brasília, Department of Electrical Engineeringpt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationInstitute for Advanced Studies in Communications (Iecom), Campina Grandept_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Communications Engineeringpt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationFederal University of Campina Grande, Department of Electrical Engineeringpt_BR
dc.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Brasília, Department of Electrical Engineeringpt_BR
dc.description.unidadeFaculdade de Tecnologia (FT)pt_BR
dc.description.unidadeDepartamento de Engenharia Elétrica (FT ENE)pt_BR
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