Título:	Biodiversity of β-carboline profile of banisteriopsis caapi and ayahuasca, a plant and a brew with neuropharmacological potential
Autor(es):	Santos, Beatriz Werneck Lopes Oliveira, Regina Célia de Oliveira, Julia Sonsin Fagg, Christopher William Barbosa, José Beethoven Figueiredo Caldas, Eloisa Dutra
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0486-3690 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-2630 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-8145 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-7832 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-6807
Assunto:	Betacarbolina Cipó-mariri Ayahuasca (bebida psicoativa)
Data de publicação:	9-Jul-2020
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	SANTOS, Beatriz Werneck Lopes et al. Biodiversity of β-carboline profile of banisteriopsis caapi and ayahuasca, a plant and a brew with neuropharmacological potential. Plants, v. 9, n. 7, 870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070870. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/7/870. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2020.
Abstract:	Ayahuasca is a psychoactive infusion with a large pharmacological application normally prepared with Banisteriopsis caapi, which contains the monoamine oxidase inhibitors β-carbolines, and Psichotria virids, which contains the serotonin receptor agonist N,N dimethyltryptamine (DMT). The objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical profile of B. caapi and of ayahuasca collected in various Brazilian regions. In total, 176 plant lianas, of which 159 B. caapi and 33 ayahuasca samples were analyzed. Dried liana samples were powdered, extracted with methanol, diluted, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Ayahuasca samples were diluted and analyzed. Mean concentrations in B. caapi were 4.79 mg/g harmine, 0.451 mg/g harmaline, and 2.18 mg/g tetrahydroharmine (THH), with a high variability among the samples (RSD from 78.9 to 170%). Native B. caapi samples showed significantly higher harmine concentrations than cultivated ones, and samples from the Federal District/Goiás had higher THH content than those collected in the State of Acre. The other Malpighiaceae samples did not contain β-carbolines, except for one D. pubipetala sample. Concentrations in ayahuasca samples ranged from 0.109 to 7.11 mg/mL harmine, 0.012 to 0.945 mg/mL harmaline, 0.09 to 3.05 mg/mL THH, and 0.10 to 3.12 mg/mL DMT. The analysis of paired ayahuasca/B. caapi confirmed that harmine is reduced to harmaline and to THH during the brew preparation. This is the largest study conducted with Malpighiaceae samples and showed a large variability in the main β-carbolines present in B. caapi. This biodiversity is a challenge for standardization of the material used in ethnopharmacological studies of B. caapi and ayahuasca.
Licença:	© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070870
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