Título:	Adiabatic amplification of the harmonic oscillator energy when the frequency passes through zero
Autor(es):	Dodonov, Viktor Dodonov, Alexandre
ORCID:	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-209X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-7453
Assunto:	Invariantes adiabáticos Teorema de Born-Fock Energia
Data de publicação:	20-Dez-2022
Editora:	MDPI
Referência:	DODONOV, Viktor V.; DODONOV, Alexandre V. Adiabatic amplification of the harmonic oscillator energy when the frequency passes through zero. Entropy, [S.l.], v. 25, n. 1, 2, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010002.
Abstract:	We study the evolution of the energy of a harmonic oscillator when its frequency slowly varies with time and passes through a zero value. We consider both the classical and quantum descriptions of the system. We show that after a single frequency passage through a zero value, the famous adiabatic invariant ratio of energy to frequency (which does not hold for a zero frequency) is reestablished again, but with the proportionality coefficient dependent on the initial state. The dependence on the initial state disappears after averaging over the phases of initial states with the same energy (in particular, for the initial vacuum, the Fock and thermal quantum states). In this case, the mean proportionality coefficient is always greater than unity. The concrete value of the mean proportionality coefficient depends on the power index of the frequency dependence on a time near the zero point. In particular, the mean energy triplicates if the frequency tends to zero linearly. If the frequency attains zero more than once, the adiabatic proportionality coefficient strongly depends on the lengths of time intervals between zero points, so that the mean energy behavior becomes quasi-stochastic after many passages through a zero value. The original Born–Fock theorem does not work after the frequency passes through zero. However, its generalization is found: the initial Fock state becomes a wide superposition of many Fock states, whose weights do not depend on time in the new adiabatic regime. When the mean energy triplicates, the initial Nth Fock state becomes a superposition of, roughly speaking, 6N states, distributed nonuniformly. The initial vacuum and low-order Fock states become squeezed, as well as the initial thermal states with low values of the mean energy.
Licença:	Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010002
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