Reação de progênies de maracujazeiro azedo à antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), à verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum) e à bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae)

Abstract

A cultura do maracujá é uma das mais importantes dentre as fruteiras cultivadas no Brasil, contudo apresenta sérios problemas fitossanitários. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de progênies de maracujazeiro azedo à verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum), à antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) e à bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). Os experimentos foram realizados na Estação Experimental da Biologia, para a avaliação das progênies, em casa de vegetação, quanto à incidência e severidade às doenças antracnose e bacteriose e severidade a doença verrugose. No primeiro experimento foram usadas sementes coletadas na Fazenda Água Limpa. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos (progênies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. Neste experimento, as progênies avaliadas foram famílias de meios irmãos dos seguintes materiais: MAR20#03, MAR20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, RC-3-0 e FP01. Neste experimento, as progênies MAR 20#03 e MAR 20#36 apresentaram as menores incidências da antracnose, com 87,30 % e 87,50 %. Contudo, na ultima avaliação, todas as progênies apresentaram a maior incidência para a doença, 100%. Todas as progênies apresentaram-se altamente suscetíveis (AS) a antracnose. No segundo experimento, as progênies avaliadas foram as seguintes: MAR, 20#03, 20#10, 20#12, 20#29, 20#36, 20#40, 20#44, 20#2005, GA2, RC 3-0, FP 01 e FB200. E as progênies usadas no terceiro experimento foram: MAR, 20#03, 20#09, 20#23, 20#36, 20#46, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, AR 02, RC 3-0, FP 01 e ECRAM. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos (progênies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. No segundo experimento todas as progênies foram consideradas altamente suscetíveis (AS) a verrugose. No terceiro experimento, as progênies MAR 20#03 e MAR 20#46 se apresentaram como moderadamente resistentes a verrugose. As progênies MAR 20#23 e ECRAM se apresentaram como suscetíveis (S) a verrugose. As demais progênies foram consideradas altamente suscetíveis a verrugose. No quarto experimento foram usadas sementes coletadas na Fazenda Água Limpa. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos (progenies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. Neste experimento, as progênies utilizadas foram: MAR 20#01, MAR20#03, MAR20#06, MAR 20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#15, MAR20#21, MAR20#23, MAR20#24, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#39, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#46, MAR20#49, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, RC 3-0, FP 01, Roxo Australiano, MSCA. Uma planta da progênie 20#23 foi considerada moderadamente suscetível (MS). Uma planta das progênies MAR 20#46, MAR 20#2005, GA 2 e duas plantas da progênies RC 3-0 foram consideradas suscetíveis (S). Nos terceiro e quarto experimentos foram usadas estacas coletadas da Fazenda Água Limpa. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

The passion fruit is one the most important cultivated fruits in Brazil. However it has serious fitossanitary problems. This work was carried out in order to evaluate reaction to the the antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum) e a bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae) in the Federal District. The experiments were carried out in the Experimental Area of University of Brasilia to evaluate and select passion fruit progenies with resistance to the antracnosis, verrugosis and bacteriosis under greenhouse condictions. The first experiment used seeds (sexuality propagation) collected of the plants in the field of Água Limpa’s farm. It was used a experimental design in randomized block, with 12 treatments (progenies), 4 replications, in plots with 6 plants for replication The progenies used in this experiment were: selection MAR20#03, MAR20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, RC-3-0 and FP01. In this experiment, the progenies MAR 20#03 and MAR 20#36 showed the smallers incidences, 87,30 % and 87,50 % to the anatracnosis disease. However, in the last analysis, all the progenies showed the highest incidence to this disease, 100%. all the progenies were considerate highly susceptible to the antracnosis. The second and third experiments used stakes (assexuality propagation) collected in the field of Água Limpa’s farm. The progenies used in the second experiment were: MAR, 20#03, 20#10, 20#12, 20#29, 20#36, 20#40, 20#44, 20#2005, GA2, RC 3-0, FP 01 e FB200. And the progenies used in the third experiment were: MAR, 20#03, 20#09, 20#23, 20#36, 20#46, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, AR 02, RC 3-0, FP 01 e ECRAM. It was used a experimental design in randomized block, with 12 treatments (progenies), 4 replications, in plots with 6 plants for replication. In the third experiment all the progenies were highly susceptible to verrugosis. In the fourth experiment, the progenies MAR 20#03 and MAR 20#46 were moderately susceptible (MS) to verrugosis. The progenies MAR 20#23 and ECRAM were susceptible (S) to verrugosis. The others progenies were highly susceptible to verrugosis. The fourth experiment used the seeds collected of the plants in the field of Agua Limpa’s farm. It was used an experimental design in randomized blocks with 24 treatments (progenies), 4 replication, in plots with 6 plants. The progenies used were: MAR 20#01, MAR20#03, MAR20#06, MAR 20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#15, MAR20#21, MAR20#23, MAR20#24, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#39, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#46, MAR20#49, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, RC 3-0, FP 01, Roxo Australiano e MSCA. One plant of the progeny 20#23 were moderately susceptible (MS). One plant of the progenies MAR 20#46, MAR 20#2005, GA 2 and two plants of the progeny RC 3-0 were susceptible (S). The others progenies were considerate highly susceptible to the bacteriosis.